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Table 3 Locational qualities for teams in the NHL and selected other North American cities

From: NHL expansion and fan allegiance: a mathematical modelling study

Locational qualities of NHL teams and selected other North American cities

Team or City

Population (millions)a

GDP per capitaa

Mean cold tempb

WINTc

a t d

b t e

H t f

h t g

Anaheim ducks

5.552807

$65,052.00

21

0.00

23872.2091

1256.5751

90.2294

0.7639

Arizona coyotes

4.459692

$46,430.00

20

0.00

26569.6757

1330.5856

99.6843

0.8439

Boston bruins

4.725601

$76,204.00

2

1.00

27631.2531

1251.2492

121.9140

1.0321

Buffalo sabres

1.133666

$64,090.00

0

1.00

25899.9405

1241.9735

108.7209

0.9204

Calgary flames

1.401800

$69,826.00

-1

1.00

25566.3899

1229.4164

108.1137

0.9153

Carolina hurricanes

1.244021

$51,729.00

11

0.00

22711.8760

1258.0512

81.4797

0.6898

Chicago blackhawks

9.568133

$58,861.00

-1

1.00

32472.5174

1339.6617

146.8864

1.2435

Colorado avalanche

2.746768

$61,795.00

6

1.00

28460.1760

1281.8863

123.2299

1.0432

Columbus blue jackets

1.988002

$54,780.00

3

1.00

28918.0283

1299.4250

123.8155

1.0482

Dallas stars

6.937652

$59,483.00

14

0.00

25195.9012

1285.8766

95.9845

0.8126

Detroit red wings

4.286134

$48,421.00

0

1.00

32487.1820

1358.8221

142.9022

1.2098

Edmonton oilers

1.320300

$62,832.00

-6

1.00

26458.4329

1251.9393

111.6611

0.9453

Florida panthers

5.905918

$44,480.00

25

0.00

27701.5572

1351.9469

104.9613

0.8886

Los Angeles kings

7.668163

$65,052.00

20

0.00

24583.7917

1267.9831

93.9747

0.7956

Minnesota wild

3.491620

$60,544.00

-5

1.00

29313.3379

1295.4964

127.9965

1.0836

Montreal canadiens

4.011200

$38,867.00

-5

1.00

35078.3776

1413.4876

153.9696

1.3035

Nashville predators

1.785349

$53,193.00

8

0.00

23225.5464

1264.1947

84.3809

0.7143

New Jersey devils

5.419961

$69,915.00

4

1.00

28900.5599

1276.5556

128.1366

1.0848

New York islanders

4.014786

$69,915.00

4

1.00

28121.9798

1265.8737

123.3818

1.0445

New York rangers

10.639183

$69,915.00

4

1.00

30729.9067

1300.8921

139.5018

1.1810

Ottawa senators

1.318400

$44,149.00

-6

1.00

30215.1591

1337.7141

127.5449

1.0798

Philadelphia flyers

6.060560

$57,166.00

5

1.00

31495.4880

1329.9238

140.2113

1.1870

Pittsburgh penguins

2.361681

$58,615.00

2

1.00

28635.7681

1289.2109

123.3417

1.0442

San Jose sharks

1.945539

$82,414.00

14

0.00

19849.6403

1167.1598

72.3077

0.6121

St. Louis blues

2.807760

$50,070.00

4

1.00

30868.6490

1334.4001

133.7837

1.1326

Tampa Bay lightning

2.895946

$44,999.00

21

0.00

25848.9340

1322.3520

95.5281

0.8087

Toronto maple leafs

6.036800

$45,771.00

-1

1.00

34233.6201

1386.5012

152.4071

1.2902

Vancouver canucks

2.476600

$44,337.00

6

1.00

31948.2055

1360.4518

137.8690

1.1672

Washington capitals

6.056296

$73,017.00

6

1.00

28720.5782

1270.1267

127.8298

1.0822

Winnipeg jets

0.778500

$41,719.00

-11

1.00

29421.4851

1332.2235

121.9312

1.0322

Hamilton

0.765228

$35,315.00

-1

1.00

31278.1681

1373.9382

129.5652

1.0969

Kansas City

2.070981

$51,157.00

4

1.00

29783.5302

1317.7477

127.7109

1.0812

Las Vegas

2.051796

$45,744.00

14

0.00

24896.4995

1305.6199

90.9040

0.7696

Québec city

0.797500

$41,907.00

-7

1.00

29436.2287

1331.9975

122.0949

1.0336

Seattle

3.663399

$73,012.00

8

0.00

22007.7246

1215.3763

81.9726

0.6940

MEAN (NHL teams)

4.034628

$57,788.03

5.47

0.700

28171.2056

1298.3985

118.1226

1.0000

  1. Notes: a[25]; bAverage coldest month high temperature [6]; cTeams with average coldest month high temperatures of 6 °Cor less given value of 1, and 0 otherwise; dSee Eq. (11); eSee Eq. (12); fSee Eq. (10); gSee Eq. (13)